Showing posts with label pntips. Show all posts
Monday, 15 June 2015
How To Backs Up All Your Windows Program & Settings
Windows: Whenever you’re doing a clean Windows installation , life is easier when you take all your settings with you. If you don’t want to do a full backup and restore of Your 'c' Drive or winodws installation drive, CloneApp backs up your Windows "programs and features " you can restore them later on .
CloneApp:-A fresh re-install always makes Windows much
faster but that means you lose all your program settings.
Clone App will Backup all your App settings from Windows
directories and the Registry and only those you really need.
CloneApp is completely portable, too, so you don’t have to
CloneApp is completely portable, too, so you don’t have to
install anything. Just extract the program to its own folder on the desktop and right-click it to launch it as an administrator. From there, check the programs you want to back up, and click Start CloneApp. It’ll back up all the necessary files and registry keys to its folder, which you can then copy to your new computer, launch the program, and click Restore to put all your settings back where on your program files or previous windows location.
you can download clone app from url: http://www.mirinsoft.com/
Monday, 4 May 2015
What Is Network Coding ?
Network coding is a method of optimizing the flow of digital data in a network by transmitting digital evidence about messages. The "digital evidence" is, itself, a composite of two or more messages. When the bits of digital evidence arrive at the destination, the transmitted message is deduced rather than directly reassembled.
The concept of network coding was first introduced by R. W. Yeung and Z. Zhang in 1999 as an alternative to routing. In a traditional packet-switched network, data flows in defined, discrete "pieces" from the source to the destination like corpuscles in the bloodstream. At the transmitting station, the outgoing message is broken into packets, each of which contains some of the message data intact. The packets do not necessarily all travel along the same route but they all eventually arrive at the same destination, where the receiving computer reassembles them into the original message. The main problem with this method is that when the overall network traffic volume is high, bottlenecks are common, resulting in long delays. Packets tend to bunch up at certain nodes, sometimes in excess of the nodes' ability to process them. Other routes and nodes may remain under-utilized.
In network coding, routers and switches are replaced by devices called coders. Instead of directing the packets toward their ultimate destination like blood cells through a system of arteries, the coders transmit metadata in the form of digital evidence about the message along multiple paths simultaneously. Conversely, the metadata arriving from two or more sources may be combined into a single packet. This distribution method can increase the effective capacity of a network by minimizing the number and severity of bottlenecks. The improvement is most pronounced when network traffic volume is near the maximum capacity obtainable with traditional routing. When a receiver has enough digital evidence, it can compute the intended message/packet. Even if some packets on some of the routes are lost or mutilated, the original message gets through if the received digital evidence is sufficient.
In network coding, the data does not depend only on one transmitted message but also on the contents of other messages that happen to be sharing the route at the time of transmission. For this reason, network coding is more resistant to hacking, eavesdropping and other forms of attack than traditional data transmission. The extent of throughput improvement that network coding can provide depends on the network topology and on the frequency and severity of bottlenecks. In no event does network coding reduce the throughput compared with the routing method. Network coding may prove especially useful in multicast networks, wireless sensor networks, digital file distribution and peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing.
The concept of network coding was first introduced by R. W. Yeung and Z. Zhang in 1999 as an alternative to routing. In a traditional packet-switched network, data flows in defined, discrete "pieces" from the source to the destination like corpuscles in the bloodstream. At the transmitting station, the outgoing message is broken into packets, each of which contains some of the message data intact. The packets do not necessarily all travel along the same route but they all eventually arrive at the same destination, where the receiving computer reassembles them into the original message. The main problem with this method is that when the overall network traffic volume is high, bottlenecks are common, resulting in long delays. Packets tend to bunch up at certain nodes, sometimes in excess of the nodes' ability to process them. Other routes and nodes may remain under-utilized.
In network coding, routers and switches are replaced by devices called coders. Instead of directing the packets toward their ultimate destination like blood cells through a system of arteries, the coders transmit metadata in the form of digital evidence about the message along multiple paths simultaneously. Conversely, the metadata arriving from two or more sources may be combined into a single packet. This distribution method can increase the effective capacity of a network by minimizing the number and severity of bottlenecks. The improvement is most pronounced when network traffic volume is near the maximum capacity obtainable with traditional routing. When a receiver has enough digital evidence, it can compute the intended message/packet. Even if some packets on some of the routes are lost or mutilated, the original message gets through if the received digital evidence is sufficient.
In network coding, the data does not depend only on one transmitted message but also on the contents of other messages that happen to be sharing the route at the time of transmission. For this reason, network coding is more resistant to hacking, eavesdropping and other forms of attack than traditional data transmission. The extent of throughput improvement that network coding can provide depends on the network topology and on the frequency and severity of bottlenecks. In no event does network coding reduce the throughput compared with the routing method. Network coding may prove especially useful in multicast networks, wireless sensor networks, digital file distribution and peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing.
Monday, 27 April 2015
the smartiest ways to identify hackers
The internet is an integral part of our daily lives. We use it for communication, searching for information, making payments.
However, a bunch of people on the internet are out to get your money by preying on your unsuspecting instincts.
A Mumbai-based businessman was cheated of Rs 23 lakh after criminals hacked into his email account earlier this month. To avoid a similar fate, read on for the most common methods used by hackers along with tips on how to avoid being duped:
However, a bunch of people on the internet are out to get your money by preying on your unsuspecting instincts.
A Mumbai-based businessman was cheated of Rs 23 lakh after criminals hacked into his email account earlier this month. To avoid a similar fate, read on for the most common methods used by hackers along with tips on how to avoid being duped:
All netizens use email for work or personal use. This also makes it one of the easiest methods to contact someone and entice him her with schemes.
The most common fraud emails include those about winning lotteries or a wealthy prince looking to invest money through you or regarding inheritance from unknown persons.
Emails like these from people you don't know should be red flags. Then there are mails with attachments that can install spyware or viruses when you open the attachment.
The simple way to be safe against email fraud is to neither download attachments nor send details to unknown senders.
The most common fraud emails include those about winning lotteries or a wealthy prince looking to invest money through you or regarding inheritance from unknown persons.
Emails like these from people you don't know should be red flags. Then there are mails with attachments that can install spyware or viruses when you open the attachment.
The simple way to be safe against email fraud is to neither download attachments nor send details to unknown senders.
You could be scammed by visiting fake websites or installing fake smartphone/tablet apps.
Many times, it's the bank websites that get duplicated -- they may even look exactly like the original and will ask you to input your login ID and password to proceed. If you place these details, the creator will use them to access your account.
The easiest way to detect a fake bank website is to see the browser address bar. Check that the website address has 'https:' before the name. This means that the site uses a secure certificate (all bank websites use this).
In terms of apps, check for the developer name (usually written below the app name in the app store) and read reviews on any banking app in detail before installing these apps. Only download banking apps from the official app stores.
Many times, it's the bank websites that get duplicated -- they may even look exactly like the original and will ask you to input your login ID and password to proceed. If you place these details, the creator will use them to access your account.
The easiest way to detect a fake bank website is to see the browser address bar. Check that the website address has 'https:' before the name. This means that the site uses a secure certificate (all bank websites use this).
In terms of apps, check for the developer name (usually written below the app name in the app store) and read reviews on any banking app in detail before installing these apps. Only download banking apps from the official app stores.
If you see a product available at a price which is way below the regular asking price, it is bound to be some sort of scam. You can get discounts online, but when something is listed as 80 or 90% off the retail price, it's a red flag.
People putting up these deals usually ask for money upfront which is another red flag. Keep in mind that these products could also be stolen or imported products being sold, so if you actually find a genuine product make sure to take a copy of the ID proof of the seller.
People putting up these deals usually ask for money upfront which is another red flag. Keep in mind that these products could also be stolen or imported products being sold, so if you actually find a genuine product make sure to take a copy of the ID proof of the seller.
A key logger is software installed on a computer that records each and every keystroke you do on the keyboard.
A fraudster can find your login details for various sites, just by accessing the entire log of your key presses. Public internet cafes are an easy target to install these key loggers to get crucial information from unsuspecting users.
There is essentially no way to detect if a keylogger is running in the background so if you must use a public computer, avoid typing usernames and passwords on the keyboard.
Use virtual keyboards instead. Most bank websites have these. You can also pull up the onscreen keyboard in Windows and use that to input the username and password.
Windows 8 users can search for an on-screen keyboard in the start menu while older Windows users can go to Start menu > All programs > accessories > ease of access > on-screen keyboard.
A fraudster can find your login details for various sites, just by accessing the entire log of your key presses. Public internet cafes are an easy target to install these key loggers to get crucial information from unsuspecting users.
There is essentially no way to detect if a keylogger is running in the background so if you must use a public computer, avoid typing usernames and passwords on the keyboard.
Use virtual keyboards instead. Most bank websites have these. You can also pull up the onscreen keyboard in Windows and use that to input the username and password.
Windows 8 users can search for an on-screen keyboard in the start menu while older Windows users can go to Start menu > All programs > accessories > ease of access > on-screen keyboard.
There are many advertisements sent by banks to avoid this issue. No one from your bank will ever call and ask for your credit card details over a phone call.
Any call claiming to be from the bank and asking for bank details is a red flag.
You should not share information regarding credit cards or netbanking with anyone over the phone, even if the caller knows a fair bit about you.
Any call claiming to be from the bank and asking for bank details is a red flag.
You should not share information regarding credit cards or netbanking with anyone over the phone, even if the caller knows a fair bit about you.
Tuesday, 21 April 2015
windows vista/7/8 how to increase ram size using virtual ram :(solution is Pagefile)
What is a Pagefile and How Do I Adjust It?
Before we get into the details, let's review what the pagefile actually does. When your system runs low on RAM because an application like Firefox is taking too much memory, Windows moves the least used "pages" of memory out to a hidden file named pagefile.sys in the root of one of your drives to free up more RAM for the applications you are actually using. What this actually means to you is that if you've had an application minimized for a while, and you are heavily using other applications, Windows is going to move some of the memory from the minimized application to the pagefile since it's not being accessed recently. This can often cause restoring that application to take a little longer, and your hard drive may grind for a bit.
If you want to take a look at your own pagefile settings, launch sysdm.cpl from the Start menu search or run box (Win+R) and navigate to Advanced –> Settings –> Advanced –> Change. From this screen you can change the paging file size (see image above), set the system to not use a paging file at all, or just leave it up to Windows to deal with—which is what I'd recommend in most cases.
Why Do People Say We Should Disable It?
Look at any tweaking site anywhere, and you'll receive many different opinions on how to deal with the pagefile—some sites will tell you to make it huge, others will tell you to completely disable it. The logic goes something like this: Windows is inefficient at using the pagefile, and if you have plenty of memory you should just disable it since RAM is a lot faster than your hard drive. By disabling it, you are forcing Windows to keep everything in much faster RAM all the time.
The problem with this logic is that it only really affects a single scenario: switching to an open application that you haven't used in a while won't ever grind the hard drive when the pagefile is disabled. It's not going to actually make your PC faster, since Windows will never page the application you are currently working with anyway.
Disabling the Pagefile Can Lead to System Problems
The big problem with disabling your pagefile is that once you've exhausted the available RAM, your apps are going to start crashing, since there's no virtual memory for Windows to allocate—and worst case, your actual system will crash or become very unstable. When that application crashes, it's going down hard—there's no time to save your work or do anything else.
In addition to applications crashing anytime you run up against the memory limit, you'll also come across a lot of applications that simply won't run properly if the pagefile is disabled. For instance, you really won't want to run a virtual machine on a box with no pagefile, and some defrag utilities will also fail. You'll also notice some other strange, indefinable behavior when your pagefile is disabled—in my experience, a lot of things just don't always work right.
Less Space for File Buffers and SuperFetch
If you've got plenty of RAM in your PC, and your workload really isn't that huge, you may never run into application crashing errors with the pagefile disabled, but you're also taking away from memory that Windows could be using for read and write caching for your actual documents and other files. If your drive is spending a lot of time thrashing, you might want to consider increasing the amount of memory Windows uses for the filesystem cache, rather than disabling the pagefile.
Windows 7 includes a file caching mechanism called SuperFetch that caches the most frequently accessed application files in RAM so your applications will open more quickly. It's one of the many reasons why Windows 7 feels so much more "snappy" than previous versions—and disabling the pagefile takes away RAM that Windows could be using for caching. Note:SuperFetch was actually introduced in Windows Vista.
Put the Pagefile on a Different Drive, Not Partition
The next piece of bad advice that you'll see or hear from would-be system tweakers is to create a separate partition for your pagefile-which is generally pointless when the partition is on the same hard drive. What you should actually do is move your pagefile to a completely different physical drive to split up the workload.
What Size should my Pagefile Be?
Seems like every IT guy I've ever talked to has stated the "fact" that your pagefile needs to be 1.5 to 2x your physical RAM—so if you have a 4GB system, you should have an 8GB pagefile. The problem with this logic is that if you are opening 12 GB worth of in-use applications, your system is going to be extremely slow, and your hard drive is going to grind to the point where your PC will be fairly unusable. You simply will not increase or decrease performance by having a gigantic pagefile; you'll just use up more drive space.
Mark Russinovich, the well-known Windows expert and author of the Sysinternals tools, says that if you want to optimize your pagefile size to fit your actual needs, you should follow a much different formula: The Minimum should be Peak Commit – Physical RAM, and the Maximum should be double that.
For example, if your system has 4GB of RAM and your peak memory usage was 5GB (including virtual memory), you should set your pagefile to at least 1GB and the maximum as 2GB to give you a buffer to keep you safe in case a RAM-hungry application needs it. If you have 8GB of RAM and a max 3GB of memory usage, you should still have a pagefile, but you would probably be fine with a 1 GB size. Note: If your system is configured for crash dumps you'll need to have a larger pagefile or Windows won't be able to write out the process memory in the event of a crash—though it's not very useful for most end-users.
The other size-related advice is to set the minimum and maximum size as the same so you won't have to deal with fragmentation if Windows increases the size of the pagefile. This advice is rather silly, considering that most defrag software will defragment the pagefile even if Windows increases the size, which doesn't happen very often.
The Bottom Line: Should You Disable It?
As we've seen, the only tangible benefit of disabling the pagefile is that restoring minimized applications you haven't used in a while is going to be faster. This comes at the price of not being able to actually use all your RAM for fear of your applications crashing and burning once you hit the limit, and experiencing a lot of weird system issues in certain applications.
The vast majority of users should never disable the pagefile or mess with the pagefile settings—just let Windows deal with the pagefile and use the available RAM for file caching, processes, and Superfetch. If you really want to speed up your PC, your best options are these:
Upgrade your RAM.
Clean off the crapware—the biggest cause of system slowdown.
Switch to Microsoft Security Essentials and stop paying for bloated Windows security packages.
Windows 7 handles multi-tasking much better than Windows XP did.
On my Windows 7 system with 6GB of RAM and a Windows-managed pagefile, every application opens quickly, and even the applications I haven't used in a while still open almost instantaneously. I'm regularly running it up to 80-90% RAM usage, with dozens of application windows open, and I don't see a slowdown anywhere.
If you want to read more extremely detailed information about how virtual memory and your pagefile really work, be sure to check out Mark Russinovich's article on the subject, which is where much of this information was sourced.
Saturday, 18 April 2015
How to Find Out pc/laptop/mobile all components,parts Manufacturer and Model
CPU-Z
Introduction
Sooner or later you wi l l need to know the manufacturer and exact model
of your motherboard, especial ly i f you plan to upgrade your computer,
since the upgrade capabi l i ties of your computer are set by the
motherboard model you have. You wi l l require this information i f you
perform a BIOS upgrade or download your motherboard manual or
drivers. A BIOS upgrade is needed to make your computer recognize a
new CPU, and the manual is necessary i f you want to check how much
RAM your computer is able to recognize or which CPUs i t supports, for
example.
Finding out this information is not particularly easy, because many
manufacturers don’ t print their name or the model name on the
motherboard. Also, you may want to check i f the motherboard instal led in
your PC is real ly the model you ordered. Usual ly, the warranty is void i f
you open your computer, so you wi l l need to discover how to learn this
information wi thout opening your PC.
How is i t possible to know the motherboard manufacturer through
software? Inside the computer BIOS there is a serial number, which
includes a code for the manufacturer. So, a hardware identi fication uti l i ty
reads the BIOS serial number and deciphers i t for you. Read our tutorial
“Deciphering the BIOS Serial Number” for a detai led explanation on this
subject.
We wi l l teach you how to use four very popular hardware identi fication
programs to find out the manufacturer and model of your motherboard:
CPUZ, Sandra Lite, AIDA64, and HWiNFO.
After you find out your motherboard manufacturer and model , you may
want to know what the manufacturer’ s website is and where you can
download the latest BIOS, drivers, and manual for your motherboard
model . This can be found
at :http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/page/drivers_motherboard.
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